Standard microspheres for photonic crystals

Photonic crystals were independently proposed by S. John and E. Yablonovitch in 1987, and are artificial microstructures formed by periodically arranged media with different refractive indices.
Photonic crystals are photonic bandgap materials, and from the perspective of material structure, photonic crystals are a kind of artificially designed and manufactured crystals with periodic dielectric structures on the optical scale. Similar to the modulation of electron wave functions by semiconductor lattices, photonic bandgap materials can modulate electromagnetic waves with corresponding wavelengths— When electromagnetic waves propagate in photonic bandgap materials, they are modulated due to Bragg scattering, and the electromagnetic wave energy forms energy-band structured photonic crystals.
There is a band gap between the energy bands, that is, the photon band gap. Photons whose energy is in the photon band gap cannot enter the crystal.
Photonic crystals and semiconductors have many similarities in basic models and research ideas, and in principle, people can control the motion of photons by designing and manufacturing photonic crystals and their devices.
The advent of photonic crystals, also known as photonic bandgap materials, made it possible to dream of manipulating and controlling photons. Metal nanoarray structures with different spacings and shapes can be prepared with standard nanoparticles for photonic crystals, which have a wide range of applications in biological detection and optoelectronic devices.

Standard Carboxyl Microspheres
Standard Polystyrene Microspheres
Standard Silicon Microspheres